{"id":2853,"date":"2023-09-28T16:34:30","date_gmt":"2023-09-28T13:34:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/certo.inoe.ro\/test\/?page_id=2853"},"modified":"2025-07-09T08:52:41","modified_gmt":"2025-07-09T05:52:41","slug":"laborator-de-investigatii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/certo.inoe.ro\/test\/ro\/acasa\/laboratoare\/laborator-de-investigatii\/","title":{"rendered":"Laborator de investiga\u021bii"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Laborator de investiga\u021bii<\/h1>\n

Investiga\u021bii fizico-chimice \u0219i imagistice<\/h4>\n

Acest laborator este conceput pentru a efectua cercet\u0103ri, investiga\u021bii, m\u0103sur\u0103tori \u0219i determin\u0103ri fizico-chimice pentru caracterizarea bunurilor de patrimoniu cultural. Scopul principal este conservarea patrimoniului cultural na\u021bional pe baze \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i dezvoltarea de noi metode de patrimonializare a noilor descoperiri arheologice.<\/p>\n

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Spectroscopia de descompunere indus\u0103 de laser (LIBS)<\/h2>\n

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LIBS este o tehnic\u0103 spectrochimic\u0103 cu sc\u00e2nteie simpl\u0103, care are o capacitate larg\u0103 de analiz\u0103 chimic\u0103. Gama Andor de camere iStar este ideal\u0103 pentru LIBS. Printre caracteristicile cheie se num\u0103r\u0103 pornirile rapide sau lente, gama spectral\u0103 larg\u0103, \u00eent\u00e2rzierea minim\u0103 de inser\u021bie \u0219i capul detector compact. Atunci c\u00e2nd este cuplat\u0103 cu un spectrometru Mechelle, aceasta ofer\u0103 o solu\u021bie LIBS cu diagram\u0103 integrat\u0103.<\/p>\n

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Fluorescen\u021ba indus\u0103 de laser (LIF)<\/h2>\n

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LIF este o metod\u0103 spectroscopic\u0103 utilizat\u0103 pentru studierea structurii moleculelor, pentru detectarea speciilor selective \u0219i pentru vizualizarea \u0219i m\u0103surarea fluxului. Specia care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie examinat\u0103 este excitat\u0103 cu ajutorul unui laser. Lungimea de und\u0103 este adesea selectat\u0103 pentru a fi cea la care specia are cea mai mare sec\u021biune transversal\u0103. Specia excitat\u0103 se va dezobi\u0219nui dup\u0103 un anumit timp, de obicei de ordinul a c\u00e2teva nanosecunde sau microsecunde, \u0219i va emite lumin\u0103 la o lungime de und\u0103 mai mare dec\u00e2t lungimea de und\u0103 de excita\u021bie. Aceast\u0103 lumin\u0103, fluorescen\u021ba, este m\u0103surat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Sistemul nostru este conceput pentru scanarea suprafe\u021belor \u0219i poate furniza h\u0103r\u021bi de distribu\u021bie LIF ale suprafe\u021belor scanate.<\/p>\n

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Spectroscopia \u00een infraro\u0219u cu transformat\u0103 Fourier (FTIR)<\/h2>\n

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Spectroscopia \u00een infraro\u0219u (IR) este una dintre cele mai importante tehnici analitice de care dispun oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 de ast\u0103zi. Pur \u0219i simplu, este m\u0103surarea absorb\u021biei diferitelor frecven\u021be IR de c\u0103tre un e\u0219antion pozi\u021bionat \u00een calea unui fascicul IR. Pe baza faptului c\u0103 diferite grupuri func\u021bionale absorb frecven\u021be caracteristice ale radia\u021biei IR, spectrul rezultat poate fi considerat ca o amprent\u0103 molecular\u0103 a probei.<\/p>\n

\u00cen plus, deoarece fiecare material diferit este o combina\u021bie unic\u0103 de atomi, nu exist\u0103 doi compu\u0219i care s\u0103 produc\u0103 exact acela\u0219i spectru infraro\u0219u \u0219i, prin urmare, poate duce la o analiz\u0103 calitativ\u0103 \u0219i cantitativ\u0103 puternic\u0103 a materialelor. Utiliz\u00e2nd diverse accesorii de prelevare a probelor, spectrometrele IR pot accepta o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de probe, cum ar fi gaze, lichide \u0219i solide, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi necesar\u0103 o preg\u0103tire mic\u0103 sau deloc.<\/p>\n

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Spectroscopia de fluorescen\u021b\u0103 cu raze X (XRF)<\/h2>\n

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Spectrometria de fluorescen\u021b\u0103 cu raze X este o tehnic\u0103 de analiz\u0103 elementar\u0103 puternic\u0103 \u0219i neinvaziv\u0103, utilizat\u0103 pentru detectarea materialelor anorganice (elemente de la Na p\u00e2n\u0103 la U). Foarte potrivit\u0103 pentru analiza in situ, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi necesar\u0103 prelevarea de probe, XRF este utilizat\u0103 pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een geologie, produse chimice, produse farmaceutice, analiza mediului, telecomunica\u021bii \u0219i microelectronic\u0103, finisarea metalelor, combustibili, industria de reciclare, textile, art\u0103 \u0219i arheologie.<\/p>\n

Printre cele mai comune aplica\u021bii se num\u0103r\u0103: caracterizarea rocilor \u0219i a solului; studii chimice ale obsidianului, metalelor, ceramicii; analiza pigmen\u021bilor; detectarea metalelor grele \u00een sol; prelucrarea de\u0219eurilor etc.<\/p>\n

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Colorimetrie<\/h2>\n

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Colorimetria<\/strong> este o metod\u0103 de investigare care furnizeaz\u0103 date esen\u021biale despre forma volumetric\u0103 \u0219i culoarea suprafe\u021belor obiectului reprezentate de curba spectral\u0103 de reflexie.<\/p>\n

Sistemul de culori CIE Lab caracterizeaz\u0103 culoarea cu ajutorul unui parametru de luminozitate \u0219i a dou\u0103 coordonate de culoare x \u0219i y care specific\u0103 pozi\u021bia pe diagrama cromatic\u0103.<\/p>\n

Acest sistem ofer\u0103 o precizie mai mare, deoarece parametrii depind de distribu\u021bia spectral\u0103 a puterii luminii emise de suprafa\u021ba unui obiect \u0219i sunt factoriza\u021bi de curbele de sensibilitate care au fost m\u0103surate pentru ochiul uman.<\/p>\n

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Imagistica multispectral\u0103<\/h2>\n

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Camera de imagistic\u0103 multispectral\u0103 este utilizat\u0103 pentru \u00eenregistrarea de \u00eenalt\u0103 rezolu\u021bie a datelor caracteristice materialelor la diferite lungimi de und\u0103 \u0219i frecven\u021be ale spectrului electromagnetic.<\/p>\n

\u00cen domeniul patrimoniului cultural, aceast\u0103 tehnic\u0103 este utilizat\u0103 \u00een documentarea preliminar\u0103, investigarea \u0219i diagnosticarea. Aspectele teoretice ale imagisticii multispectrale se bazeaz\u0103 pe interac\u021biunea radia\u021biei cu materialul operei de art\u0103. Lungimile de und\u0103 disponibile variaz\u0103 \u00eentre 365 \u0219i 1100 nm, acoperind trei domenii principale ale spectrului electromagnetic: UV, VIS \u0219i NIR.<\/p>\n

Sistemul de imagistic\u0103 multispectral\u0103 este compus din: camer\u0103 multispectral\u0103 (senzor CCD, filtre \u0219i lentile), surse de iradiere (l\u0103mpi cu halogen pentru VIS \u0219i NIR \u0219i l\u0103mpi UV pentru modurile UV) \u0219i o unitate de vizualizare, achizi\u021bie \u0219i stocare a datelor (PC cu software dedicat).<\/p>\n

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Thermal imaging<\/h2>\n

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Imagistic\u0103 termic\u0103<\/h2>\n

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Monitorizarea temperaturii pere\u021bilor monumentelor istorice reprezint\u0103 un fapt important \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te reconstruc\u021bia \u0219i conservarea patrimoniului cultural. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te monumentele istorice, conceptul de diagnosticare pe teren se refer\u0103 de la teren la cl\u0103diri, picturi, fresce sau icoane aflate \u00een interior.<\/p>\n

\u00cen cazul nostru, metoda de diagnosticare se bazeaz\u0103 pe o camer\u0103 termic\u0103. Aceasta m\u0103soar\u0103 \u0219i imagineaz\u0103 radia\u021bia infraro\u0219ie emis\u0103 de un obiect. Faptul c\u0103 radia\u021bia este o func\u021bie a temperaturii suprafe\u021bei obiectului face posibil\u0103 calcularea \u0219i afi\u0219area acestei temperaturi de c\u0103tre camer\u0103. Mai \u00eent\u00e2i se realizeaz\u0103 o fotografie IR; apoi, cu ajutorul unui software specializat, se realizeaz\u0103 un raport amplu care con\u021bine informa\u021bii termice detaliate.<\/p>\n

Imaginile termice sunt comparate cu cele normale \u0219i sunt stocate cu date numerice legate de temperatura peretelui \u0219i diferite alte date de calibrare a camerei. \u00cen continuare, se pot construi baze de date dedicate pentru o viziune cuprinz\u0103toare a \u00eentregului fenomen.<\/p>\n

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Vibrometria Doppler cu laser\u00a0<\/h2>\n

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Vibrometria Doppler cu laser este o tehnic\u0103 utilizat\u0103 pentru identificarea defectelor ascunse. Fascicululul laser al LDV este \u00eendreptat spre suprafa\u021ba de interes, iar amplitudinea \u0219i frecven\u021ba de vibra\u021bie sunt extrase din deplasarea Doppler a frecven\u021bei fasciculului laser datorat\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rii suprafe\u021bei. Obiectul studiat este excitat cu ajutorul unui difuzor obi\u0219nuit.<\/p>\n

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Radar de penetrare a solului<\/h2>\n

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Radarul cu penetrare \u00een sol (GPR)<\/strong> este o metod\u0103 geofizic\u0103 utilizat\u0103 pentru investigarea straturilor subterane prin transmiterea de impulsuri electromagnetice (EM) \u0219i analizarea modului \u00een care acestea se propag\u0103 prin sol. Aceast\u0103 tehnic\u0103 nedistructiv\u0103 folose\u0219te radia\u021bii din spectrul UHF\/VHF pentru a explora substratul, detect\u00e2nd semnalele reflectate de structurile \u00eengropate. Un aspect fundamental al tehnicii GPR este capacitatea sa de a m\u0103sura timpul scurs \u00eentre emiterea \u0219i recep\u021bia impulsurilor EM, rezultatul fiind ilustrat de o sec\u021biune bidimensional\u0103, cunoscut\u0103 sub denumirea de radargram\u0103. Rezolu\u021bia acestor radargrame depinde de mai mul\u021bi factori, inclusiv frecven\u021ba central\u0103 a antenelor, frecven\u021ba de e\u0219antionare, distan\u021ba dintre antene \u0219i viteza de achizi\u021bie, printre altele. R\u0103spunsul mediului investigat \u2014 caracterizat prin rezolu\u021bia \u0219i ad\u00e2ncimea de propagare a undelor \u2014 este influen\u021bat de propriet\u0103\u021bile electromagnetice ale substratului, precum con\u021binutul de umiditate al solului, conductivitatea electric\u0103 \u0219i prezen\u021ba metalelor. Varia\u021biile de amplitudine \u0219i timpul de propagare dependent de viteza undei ale semnalului reflectat sunt m\u0103surate \u0219i \u00eenregistrate de antena de recep\u021bie. Aceste informa\u021bii pot fi utilizate pentru a determina ad\u00e2ncimea, geometria \u0219i magnitudinea reflectorilor. Contrastul observat la interfa\u021ba dintre dou\u0103 medii de propagare devine mai pronun\u021bat atunci c\u00e2nd diferen\u021bele dintre propriet\u0103\u021bile lor electromagnetice sunt mai mari.<\/p>\n

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Laborator de investiga\u021bii Investiga\u021bii fizico-chimice \u0219i imagistice Acest laborator este conceput pentru a efectua cercet\u0103ri, investiga\u021bii, m\u0103sur\u0103tori \u0219i determin\u0103ri fizico-chimice pentru caracterizarea bunurilor de patrimoniu cultural. Scopul principal este conservarea patrimoniului cultural na\u021bional pe baze \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i dezvoltarea de noi metode de patrimonializare a noilor descoperiri arheologice.Spectroscopia de descompunere indus\u0103 de laser (LIBS)LIBS este o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2830,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/PaKFbv-K1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/certo.inoe.ro\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2853"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/certo.inoe.ro\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/certo.inoe.ro\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certo.inoe.ro\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certo.inoe.ro\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2853"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/certo.inoe.ro\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2853\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3314,"href":"https:\/\/certo.inoe.ro\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2853\/revisions\/3314"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certo.inoe.ro\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/certo.inoe.ro\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}